Survey of circulating United States Coins 1776 to 1976

   V. U.S. Commemorative Coins released into circulation.
1892 Columbian Exposition
Half dollar
Circulated Columbian Half Dollar
1893 Columbian Exposition
Half dollar
Circulated Columbin Half Dollar
Columbian Exposition Half Dollars - Collateral on  bad loan

  The Columbian Half Dollar, issued at double face value as a souvenir of the Columbian Exposition, was struck as non-circulating legal tender. 
A
fter accounting for 2.5 million pieces melted, the net mintage was 1.5 million.

    An  unknown quantity were held by creditors,
who eventually released them into circulation at face value, a fate shared by other "NCLT" issues.

    As most circulated specimens of this issue are high grade, we can assume that the public recognized them as
"special" and withdrew them from circulation shortly after their release.

 
1952 GWC Half dollar


    The George Washington Carver entered circulation in large quantitites when distributors, who paid a premium, did not sell out their alottment.

     The piece at the right, which would grade VF, is at the low end of the grading scale for this issue which, when circulated, is typically found in AU or XF condition.
1946 BTW Half dollar
1946 Booker T Washington Half Dollar
        The Booker T. Washington along with the GWC half dollar are the most common of the pre-1954 commemorative serie in terms of number found in circulated condition. As with the later GWC issues, Stack's and BeeBe were among the distibutors. My internet research has not provided a more specfic statment other that "Many 1946 Philadelphia and San Francisco coins were placed into circulation for face value".
        As the GWC half dollar,
this issue which, when circulated, is typically found in AU or XF condition.
The piece at the right, which would grade VF, is at the low end of the grading scale for this issue.
  1923 Monroe Doctrine Half dollar
    Unlike the GWC and Columbian Exposition half dollars, which were released in large quantities at face value and quickly retrieved and saved, many of the pre 1930's era commemoratives, when found in circulated condition, are found in lower grades.
  
 
Presumably, depression era collectors who earlier paid a premium for coins, such as those pictured here, could no longer afford the luxury of a coin collection. Similarly, the person finding such a coin would be less likely to save it.
 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar


1926 Sesquicentenniel Half Dollar  
      Judging by its frequent, approximately daily appearnce on eBay, the 1926 Sesquicentenniel
Half Dollar must have seen heavy circulation.
      The large number of 
circulated specimens may have several explanations:
  This issue, owing largely to its low relief,
is generally considered unattractive.
  This piece was the last high mintage (>100,000) piece issued before the 1929
  stock market crash that started the depression.
     An alternate explanation, evidenced only by the relative frequency of circulated
 offerings, would be that the 850,000 pieces returned to the mint for melting were
 instead  released into circulation at face value.

1925 Lexington Concord Half Dollar


The Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar at  the right is unsually worn for this issue, which is typically found in high grade circulated condition.This represents an exception to the rule as many of these piece were released at face value in the 1930's. 1925 Stone Mountain Memorial Half Dollar



    Commemoratives by Decreasing Mintage

 
           2,000,000 1951-1954 Washington - Carver
            2,000,000 1946-1951 Booker T. Washington Half Dollars
            1,500,000 1892-1893 Columbian Exposition Half Dollar
            1,314,709 1925 Stone Mountain Memorial
               274,077 1923-s Monroe Doctrine
               170,000 1920-1921 Pilgrim Tercentenary
               162,000 1925 Lexington Concord Half Dollar
               142,080 1924 Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary $135 au
               141,120 1926 Sesquicentennial
               146,000 1934-1938 Texas Centennial $140 au

         
             110,000 1926-1939 Oregon Trail $135 au
                      100,222 1935-s San Diego, California - Pacific Expo. $100 au

                     100,058 1918 Lincoln - Illinois Centennial $145 au
                     100,057 1946 Iowa Centennial $115 au
 
                      86,394 1925-s California Diamond Jubilee
                         81,826 1936 Long Island Tercentenary
                         71,424 1936-s Bay Bridge, San Francisco-oakland
                          67,405 1922 Grant Memorial, No Star
                         65,038 1921 Alabama Centennial (No 2x2)
                         50,030 1936 Cleveland Great Lakes Expo.
                         50,028 1920 Maine Centennial
$130 au
                         40,000 1935-1939 Arkansas Centennial
                         40,000 1934-1938 Daniel Boone Centennial
                         28,142 1927 Vermont Sesquicentennial (Bennington)
                         27,134 1915-s Panama - Pacific Expo.
                         26,928 1936 Battle of Gettysburg
                         25,265 1937 Roanoke Island, North Carolina
                         25,265 1936 Robinson - Arkansas
                         25,018 1935 Connecticut Tercentenary
                         25,015 1936 Wisconsin Territorial Centennial
                         25,015 1936 Bridgeport, Connecticut Centennial
                         25,015 1934 Maryland Tercentenary
                         25,011 1936 York County, Maine Tercentenary5
                         24,214 1893 Isabella Quarter
                         20,993 1936 Delaware Tercentenary
                         20,015 1936 Elgin, Illinois Centennial
                         50,034 1936 P-d-s Rhode Island
$100 au
                         20,013 1936 Lynchburg, Virginia Sesquicentennial
                         18,028 1937 Antietam, Battle of
                         17,671 1936 Albany, New York
                         16,936 1936 Norfolk, Virginia Bicentennial
                         15,428 1921 Missouri Centennial (No 2*4 in Field),
                         15,266 1938 New Rochelle, New York
                         14,994 1925 Fort Vancouver
                         10,008 1935 Old Spanish Trail
                         10,008 1935 Hudson, New York Sesquicentennial
                           9,500 1928 Hawaii